News

FDA continues its investigation of a Salmonella outbreak spanning across 27 states, with a recall that has expanded to include products that have jalapeños and sold at major retailers.

President Trump signed an order spacing the timing of immunizations, limiting the number of vaccines, and changing the MMR vaccine by separating it into 3 single-antigen vaccines.

The European Commission has approved glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (Maviret) for acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, making it the only therapy approved in the European Union for both acute and chronic HCV and allowing clinicians to test and treat patients at the point of diagnosis. Mudra Kapoor, MD, discusses the phase 3 data and the treatment's potential role for greater HCV elimination.

An estimated 172,000 infants acquired hepatitis B virus through mother-to-child transmission in the WHO African region in 2022, and combining birth-dose vaccination with maternal antiviral prophylaxis could cut this burden by more than 86%. Peyton Thompson, MD, MSCR, discusses the barriers to eliminating vertical transmission of hepatitis B, and strategies to reduce the coverage gap.

Here is a brief clinical overview of the single-agent intravenous carbapenems available in the United States (ertapenem, meropenem, and imipenem-cilastatin) and the recently approved oral carbapenem tebipenem pivoxil.

International study estimates actual and optimal use of WHO AWaRe Access, Watch, and Reserve antibiotic classes in 186 countries and regions.

A food-safety roundup covers a growing multistate cyclosporiasis outbreak including thousands more reported sickened and 2 deaths tied to iceberg lettuce, a Salmonella Javiana outbreak with hundreds of cases across 27 states linked to jalapeño peppers served at Chipotle and QDOBA, and the US suspension of avocado inspections in Michoacan, Mexico.

The FDA has approved Moderna's influenza vaccine and set a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) date for Merck's RSV immunization product for expansion for a second season.

A phylodynamic analysis combining Arizona wild bird surveillance with national sequence data found the H5N1 D1.1 genotype spread in a stepwise pattern among adjacent US flyways during fall 2024, with limited direct exchange between the Pacific and Atlantic flyways.

A real-world analysis of the OPERA cohort found no HIV infections among 315 women using long-acting cabotegravir for PrEP, despite frequent short delays in maintenance injections, reinforcing the regimen's real-world effectiveness.

Week 96 data from the LATA trial show Cabenuva was superior to daily oral therapy in adolescents with HIV, while new real-world OPERA cohort data reinforce comparable effectiveness in adults, both presented at AIDS 2026.

An oral antiviral candidate blocked airborne and direct-contact transmission of a measles-like virus in ferrets, offering a potential new outbreak-control tool as US measles cases hit a 35-year high.

Atea Pharmaceuticals' bemnifosbuvir/ruzasvir combination met its primary endpoint of noninferiority to sofosbuvir/velpatasvir in the phase 3 C-BEYOND trial, achieving comparable cure rates for hepatitis C with as little as 8 weeks of treatment.

2026 clinical practice guidelines developed by the IDSA and ESCMID address risk stratification, diagnosis and management of S aureus bacteremia.

Several combination products are currently in development for people with HIV. Here is a review of these treatments.

Despite competing national crises drawing attention elsewhere, experts warn that the ongoing H5N1 avian influenza outbreak in birds, cattle, and humans in the United States highlights critical gaps in surveillance, worker protections, and pandemic preparedness that must be addressed to prevent a future pandemic.

FDA's acting deputy commissioner for food said the US food supply remains safe even as CDC-confirmed cyclosporiasis cases climbed past 11,000, while a new survey found nearly half of Americans don't trust the agency to manage the outbreak.

Sharon Nachman, MD, chief of pediatric infectious disease at Stony Brook Children's Hospital, explains why local resistance data, not just global forecasts, should drive today's empiric antibiotic choices in children.

A global surveillance study of more than 100,000 pediatric bacterial isolates found rising antimicrobial resistance across all regions from 2004 to 2022, with forecasts projecting continued increases in resistance to last-line antibiotics through 2035.

A Rutgers Health study in Health Affairs found substantial growth in long-acting injectable buprenorphine prescriptions for opioid use disorder from 2021 to 2024, but with sharp state-level disparities driven by Medicaid policy differences, with fewer than 1% of buprenorphine prescribed as injectable in some states versus nearly 13% in others.

Shionogi's XOCOVA (ensitrelvir) is now available in the United States as the first oral option to help prevent COVID-19 after exposure, following phase 3 SCORPIO-PEP trial data showing a 67% reduction in symptomatic infection risk.

Three concurrent studies identify T cell exhaustion and Th2 skewing as distinct immune phenotypes in disseminated coccidioidomycosis, with targeted immunomodulation producing dramatic clinical responses in patients who had failed standard antifungal therapy.

ViiV Healthcare's 2-drug Dovato regimen met its noninferiority end point against Gilead's 3-drug Biktarvy in the first head-to-head randomized trial comparing the 2 in treatment-naive adults with HIV.

As the Cyclospora outbreak continues, clinicians and public health advocates are highlighting a secondary risk: antibiotic treatment for the parasitic infection can disrupt the gut microbiome and raise the risk of C diff.

A study of 87 free-roaming New York City cats found 57.5% harbored at least 1 zoonotic endoparasite, with young male cats identified as Toxocara super-shedders depositing disproportionately high concentrations of roundworm eggs into urban soil.

A study in the American Journal of Physiology identifies retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) neurons as a critical and preserved circuit for counteracting opioid-induced respiratory depression, with optogenetic and chemogenetic stimulation of RTN neurons restoring breathing even during fentanyl administration.

Histoplasmosis is a widely distributed and often underdiagnosed fungal infection that can cause severe, sometimes fatal disease—especially in immunocompromised patients—due largely to persistent diagnostic delays and limited routine testing. Here is a review of diagnostics and treatment for the fungal infection.

The US has confirmed more measles cases in 2026 than in any year since 1991, with CDC and Johns Hopkins trackers both surpassing 2025's full-year total 5 months before year's end.