
FAQ: Shamonda Virus
As France confirms the first documented human Shamonda virus infection, a fatal encephalitis in a stem cell transplant recipient, this FAQ explains what the virus is, where it has spread, how the case was diagnosed, how the patient was likely infected and what clinicians should watch for.
On October 22, 2026, French health authorities announced the first documented human infection with Shamonda virus (SHAV), a midge-borne orthobunyavirus previously known to infect only animals.¹ The patient, who was severely immunocompromised and under care at the Hospices Civils de Lyon, died in early October.² A rapid communication in Eurosurveillance identified the strain as Shamonda virus Europe 1 (SHAV-EU1) and attributed the patient's fatal encephalitis to the infection.³
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