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An estimated 172,000 infants acquired hepatitis B virus through mother-to-child transmission in the WHO African region in 2022, and combining birth-dose vaccination with maternal antiviral prophylaxis could cut this burden by more than 86%. Peyton Thompson, MD, MSCR, discusses the barriers to eliminating vertical transmission of hepatitis B, and strategies to reduce the coverage gap.

Here is a brief clinical overview of the single-agent intravenous carbapenems available in the United States (ertapenem, meropenem, and imipenem-cilastatin) and the recently approved oral carbapenem tebipenem pivoxil.

International study estimates actual and optimal use of WHO AWaRe Access, Watch, and Reserve antibiotic classes in 186 countries and regions.

A food-safety roundup covers a growing multistate cyclosporiasis outbreak including thousands more reported sickened and 2 deaths tied to iceberg lettuce, a Salmonella Javiana outbreak with hundreds of cases across 27 states linked to jalapeño peppers served at Chipotle and QDOBA, and the US suspension of avocado inspections in Michoacan, Mexico.

The FDA has approved Moderna's influenza vaccine and set a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) date for Merck's RSV immunization product for expansion for a second season.

A phylodynamic analysis combining Arizona wild bird surveillance with national sequence data found the H5N1 D1.1 genotype spread in a stepwise pattern among adjacent US flyways during fall 2024, with limited direct exchange between the Pacific and Atlantic flyways.

A serologic study of patients in northwestern Italy found hantavirus antibodies in 7.3% of samples tested, with neutralization data suggesting Puumala virus as the likely infecting strain in a region where rodent-borne viral infections are rarely diagnosed.

A real-world analysis of the OPERA cohort found no HIV infections among 315 women using long-acting cabotegravir for PrEP, despite frequent short delays in maintenance injections, reinforcing the regimen's real-world effectiveness.

Week 96 data from the LATA trial show Cabenuva was superior to daily oral therapy in adolescents with HIV, while new real-world OPERA cohort data reinforce comparable effectiveness in adults, both presented at AIDS 2026.

Atea Pharmaceuticals' bemnifosbuvir/ruzasvir combination met its primary endpoint of noninferiority to sofosbuvir/velpatasvir in the phase 3 C-BEYOND trial, achieving comparable cure rates for hepatitis C with as little as 8 weeks of treatment.

2026 clinical practice guidelines developed by the IDSA and ESCMID address risk stratification, diagnosis and management of S aureus bacteremia.

Several combination products are currently in development for people with HIV. Here is a review of these treatments.

Despite competing national crises drawing attention elsewhere, experts warn that the ongoing H5N1 avian influenza outbreak in birds, cattle, and humans in the United States highlights critical gaps in surveillance, worker protections, and pandemic preparedness that must be addressed to prevent a future pandemic.